The Finnish and German education systems differ in several aspects, both in terms of structure and philosophy.
Key Differences:
1.School Structure and Types: The Finnish education system is divided into four main phases: early childhood education, preschool (kindergarten), primary school (grades 1 to 6), and secondary education (upper secondary schools, which either continue with general higher education or vocational training). There is no strict separation into “gymnasium” and “Realschule,” as in Germany. German students must decide after grade 4 whether to attend one of these types of schools, which is not the case in Finland. The gymnasium leads to the Abitur, while the Realschule and Hauptschule provide the foundation for vocational education or further career training.
2. Educational Philosophy: The Finnish system emphasizes individualization and promotes broad learning with a focus on the well-being of students. The pressure on students is lower, and there are fewer standardized tests. Teachers in Finland have a high level of education (almost all teachers have a master’s degree), and they enjoy a great deal of autonomy. In contrast, Germany places more focus on academic achievements and exams, especially in the gymnasium. There are many standardized tests and early specialization in secondary schools, which leads to a stronger division among students based on their performance.
3. Curricula and Subjects: In Finland, the curriculum is flexible, giving teachers a lot of freedom to adapt the lessons to the needs of the students. Subjects such as art, music, and physical education are treated equally with academic subjects. In Germany, the curriculum varies across federal states, but in general, subjects are more standardized. Math, German, and foreign languages hold more importance, and there are specific requirements aimed at preparing students for their later professional lives.
4. Assessment and Examinations: In Finland, there are fewer standardized exams. Students receive regular feedback, and assessment is based less on tests but more on continuous performance and learning progress. In contrast, Germany places a strong emphasis on exams and qualifications, especially in the gymnasium, where the Abitur is the most important exam. Students must regularly pass exams and tests, leading to higher pressure to perform.
5. Teacher Shortage and Teacher Education: Teachers in Finland are highly respected and receive comprehensive training. To become a teacher, one must complete a master’s degree, and teachers have considerable freedom in designing their lessons. In Germany, there are often problems with teacher shortages, especially in certain subjects and rural areas. The requirements for teachers are also high, but not all federal states have uniform standards, and teacher training can vary depending on the state.
6. Teaching Duration and Holidays: In Finland, lessons are often shorter than in Germany, and students have more time for self-directed learning. The school year is shorter, and there are longer vacations (such as summer holidays).
7. Costs: Education in Finland is free, including the provision of school meals, which is an important support for all students. In Germany, education is also free, but there are additional costs, such as for materials or extracurricular activities. In some federal states, students also must pay for lunch themselves.
The Finnish education system stands out for its emphasis on equal opportunities, less exam pressure, and high teacher autonomy. In contrast, Germany has a more differentiated school structure that focuses on performance and early specialization.
